Software Design Principles

 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐨𝐟𝐭𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐬𝐧’𝐭 𝐛𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐝𝐞.......
It’s built with principles that make it simple, scalable, and surprisingly elegant.

𝟏. 𝐊𝐈𝐒𝐒 (𝐊𝐞𝐞𝐩 𝐈𝐭 𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞, 𝐒𝐭𝐮𝐩𝐢𝐝)
➤ Simplicity is key. Avoid overcomplicating your designs.
➤ Write code that is easy to understand, modify, and extend.
Example: Instead of writing nested, convoluted logic, break it into smaller, straightforward functions.

𝟐. 𝐃𝐑𝐘 (𝐃𝐨𝐧’𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐟)
➤ Eliminate redundancy by abstracting reusable code into functions or modules.
➤ Repeated logic increases the maintenance burden and risks inconsistencies.
Example: Refactor duplicate validation logic into a reusable utility method.

𝟑. 𝐒𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐃 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬
➤ A collection of five foundational principles to guide object-oriented design:
S: Single Responsibility Principle
O: Open/Closed Principle
L: Liskov Substitution Principle
I: Interface Segregation Principle
D: Dependency Inversion Principle
Helpful for cleaner, modular, and scalable codebases.

𝟒. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
➤Focus on what a system does, not how it does it.
➤Use abstract classes or interfaces to hide complexity and expose only necessary details.

𝟓. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲
➤ Divide your system into smaller, independent modules with minimal interdependence.
➤ Modular designs make your code easier to test, debug, and scale.

𝟔. 𝐘𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐈 (𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐀𝐢𝐧’𝐭 𝐆𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐚 𝐍𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐈𝐭)
➤ Implement only what is necessary. Avoid writing code for features that may never be required.
➤ Prevents feature bloat and keeps your focus on current priorities.

𝟕. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐊𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐥𝐞𝐝𝐠𝐞 (𝐋𝐚𝐰 𝐨𝐟 𝐃𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫)
➤ Objects should only interact with closely related objects and avoid deep chains of method calls.

𝟖. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐧𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
➤ Bundle data and the methods that operate on it into a single unit (e.g., a class).
➤ Protect internal state by exposing only necessary parts of the object’s functionality.

𝟗. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐀𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
➤ Software should behave in a way that users and developers expect.
➤ Avoid surprising behaviors or hidden side effects.
Example: A “Save” button should save data, not trigger unrelated actions.

𝟏𝟎. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐋𝐨𝐰 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡 𝐂𝐨𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧
➤ Low Coupling: Ensure modules have minimal dependency on each other.
➤ High Cohesion: Each module should focus on a single task or responsibility.
➤ This combination makes your system easier to manage and scale.

Author : DHEERJ P😊